MEDI-CAL AND TRICARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MEDI-CAL AND TRICARE - Essay Example s is that Medi-Cal provides free medical care or share costs to all the individuals eligible, while Tricare guarantees free of charge care only to active duty military members and their families and only under one of the program types (Tricare Prime), whereas the rest have to pay a certain part of cost for the medical care. The history of both Medi-Cal and Tricare started in 1966. In July 1965, two major amendments to the Social Security Act expanded medical coverage to a wider range of population’s segments. ‘Title XVIII established the Medicare program, and Title XIX established the State-option medical assistance program known as Medicaid.’ Medi-Cal in California became effective in March 1966 (Medi-Cal Program). Though the idea of military medical care for the military men dates back to the late 1700s, little was done until the World War II, when Congress authorized the Emergency Maternal and Infant Care Program, covering wives and children of service members. Further steps were undertaken in 1956 as a result of the Korean conflict, when the Dependents Medical Care Act was signed into law. CHAMPUS was created by the 1966 amendments to this act and became effective in 1967. TRICARE was the result of the â€Å"CHAMPUS Reform Initiative† (CRI), one of the projects launched in 1980s, aimed at improving access to top-quality care with cost staying under control. What distinguishes TRICARE from the earlier programs is the provision of choice of ways in which service families may use their military health care benefits (Powers 2007). One is eligible for Medi-Cal benefits if he is 65 years or older, or he is blind, or is younger than 65 but has a disability. Those receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) get Medi-Cal benefits automatically. Those who don’t receive SSI can still qualify for Medi-Cal as long as their income and assets are under certain amounts. Eligiblity for Medi-Cal through SSI is available in case your monthly income doesn’t exceed

The Building Blocks of Life Worksheet Essay Example for Free

The Building Blocks of Life Worksheet Essay Part 1: Mitosis and Meiosis Short-Answer Response Use Ch. 5 of BioInquiry and the â€Å"Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis† video as resources for Part 1 of this assignment. Write 75- to 100-word answers to the following questions. Why are the process of mitosis and meiosis both important to a living organism? Mitosis is the process of asexual reproduction of cells. This process is important in order for living organisms to continue to live. If mitosis didn’t happen the living organisms would die when the original cells died off rather than the original cells making new cells that are exactly the same. Meiosis is the process of sexual reproduction where gametes are produced. This is the process of offspring being made. Animals, humans, and other forms of life that reproduce by meiosis would become extinct without meiosis. When would an organism need to undergo the process of mitosis? Meiosis? Mitosis is the process an organism would undergo to reproduce the cells needed to live such as any cell that makes replicas of itself in order to continue to live or to repair itself. Meiosis is the process that is required to reproduce offspring. In order for there to continue to be life forms on earth meiosis is important to continue the cycle of life. Both processes of cell production are important. They work differently but has similarities. They are both just important in the cycle of life. What would happen if meiosis did not occur? If meiosis didn’t occur it would cause endangerment and extinction of species and life forms. Meiosis is an important process to continue all species that reproduce sexually. Meiosis allows sperm and egg to produce gametes which is the beginning of a baby. Without this process populations in all species  would be affected unless the species reproduces asexually. Reproducing asexually means that there is no fusion of gametes to create offspring. Asexual reproduction happens with one parent. It is common in bacteria, fungi, and plants. Part 2: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Matrix Complete the matrix. Use the following questions to aid in completion: What is the purpose of this pathway? Reactants: What does this reaction need to proceed? Products: What is produced because of the reaction? The role of ATP: Does it supply energy or store energy? Cellular respiration Photosynthesis Pathway Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport Light-dependent reaction Light-independent reaction Purpose Break down one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate Part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates Mediating biochemical reactions that produce adenosine Triphosphate Provide energy for the light-independent reaction To make food and carbohydrates can be synthesized Where it takes place Cell cytoplasm Matrix of the mitochondrion Mitochondria Thylakoids Stroma Reactants ATP, NADH, Pyruvates, CO2, Coenzyme A, PGAL Acetyl CO-A, Oxaloacetate, Citrate, Alpha Ketoglutarate Hydrogen ions, Oxygen, NADH, FADH2 Light, water, ADP, NADP+ ATP, carbon dioxide, and NADPH Products H2O, NADH, ATP Carbon dioxide and ATP Water, ATP O2, ATP, NADPH ADP, NADP+,glucose The role of ATP Oxidizing glucose Finish oxidation of glucose and produce majority of NADH and the only FADH2 ETS accepts energy from carriers in the matrix and stores it to a form that can be used to phosphorylate ADP, Producing ATP for Energy Transports solar energy in the form of ATP to power other chemical reactions Uses ATP from ETC to convert CO2 into G3P. References Pruitt, N. L., Underwood, L. S. (2006). BioInquiry: Making connections in biology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Portrayal Of Modern Women Media Essay

Portrayal Of Modern Women Media Essay Introduction Women may often be at a loss as to their real role in society is. A working mother may play dual roles which are conflicting, that of being a nurturing home-maker to her family, ensuring that the husband and children are well-taken care of while the house is kept spic and span and running smoothly. At the same time, she is a career woman who is expected to be driven, ambitious, hard-worker and committed to the success of the company she works for. On top of that, women are also expected to look their best to the outside world and be alluring sexual beings in the bedroom. Because of the many roles women play, they often seek advise from various sources. One source that they may find consistently reliable are womens magazines because these depict articles set in the modern times, and assumed to promote modern values. At a time when information is so much easier to acquire from various media sources including television, radio and the internet, concrete reading materials are still conveniently available and preferred by many readers (Stevens, Maclaran Catteral, 2007). It would be interesting to explore how contemporary magazines depict women and what priorities they should have in life. Although contemporary womens magazines such as Glamour and Cosmopolitan claim to empower modern women to be more assertive and independent in achieving gender equality, the message sent out from their content (emphasis on the importance of womens beauty and their success in relationships) seem to endorse traditional femininity ideologies, which put women in a role subservient to men in a patriarchal society. Since magazines may have a great influence on how women think, it is crucial to understand the subliminal and overt messages such media format feeds them. The research question that will be explored in this paper is: How are women portrayed in contemporary womens magazines and what messages are conveyed to them? The significance of finding answers to this question will provide enlightenment on how society views women, how women view themselves and how such views guide their value formation, attitude and behaviors. Theoretical Framework This paper is guided by the Sexual Script Theory by Gagnon Simon (1973) and the Objectification Theory by Frederickson Roberts (1997). Scripting theory is premised on the concept that individuals have subjective understandings that determine their choices and qualitative experiences. Sexual Script Theory, specifically focus on the subjective understanding of a person about his or her sexuality that determine his or her sexual actions and experiences related to sex. Scripts are cognitive devices used to guide people in their behaviors. Sometimes, such behaviors are self-fulfilling prophecies to support the scripts upheld by the person. For example, if ones sexual script is to be desirable in order to be liked as a person, then that individual will exert all efforts to look attractive and behave in a seductive manner. Similarly, and to more specifically illustrate the Sexual Scripting theory, the Objectification theory explains how females internalize an observers view to be the prim ary view of her physical self. This means that if a woman gets accustomed to being seen as an object of desire, she becomes socialized to treat herself as such and behaves accordingly (Frederickson Roberts, 1997). Vulnerable to judgment of society, women vigilantly monitor themselves with the knowledge that being positively viewed by others means more opportunities. Studies have shown that how a womans body appears to others can determine her life experiences. Physical attractiveness seem to matter more to females than to males. Women deemed unattractive by their co workers are described more negatively and given less regard than comparatively unattractive men (Bar-Tar Saxe, 1976; Cash, Gillen Burns, 1977; Wallston OLeary, 1981). Physical attractiveness is more highly correlated with popularity, dating experience and marriage opportunities for women than for men (Berscheid, Dion, Walster Walster, 1971; Margolin White, 1987) With regards to the research question at hand, Sexual Scripting Theory and Objectification Theory are appropriate to analyze how magazines portray women because it is assumed that the advertisements and articles of contemporary womens magazines seem to influence women with the idea that they need to use their sexual attractiveness to advance their state. Literature Review Womens magazines enjoy a wide readership for various reasons. Aside from escapism (Geraghty, 1997, 1998) from the daily grind, readers may be hooked on them as they provide temporary solutions to social and personal conflicts (McMahon, 1990). Women find an array of interesting topics in womens magazines. Stevens, Maclaran Catrall (2007) compare different kinds of womens magazines and find that in general, there are magazines that primarily offer fashion and fitness advice (e.g. Vogue, InStyle, Self, Shape); magazines geared toward an older adult female audience (Womans World, womans Day, Good Housekeeping); teen-focused contemporary womens magazines (Seventeen, Teen, YM); and adult-focused contemporary womens magazines (Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Marie Claire, Cleo). In terms of content, contemporary womens magazines are known to uphold traditional femininity ideologies perpetuating ones looks as the measure to judge a womans worth. These magazines likewise encourage women to subordinat e their own interests so they can preserve their relationships with others (Ferguson, 1983; McCracken, 1993; McRobbie, 2000; Peirce, 1993; Sonnet Whelehan, 1995). Duffy Gotcher (1996) also found that 78% of magazine covers highlighted body appearance and over 60% advertised diets, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Aside from these topics, magazines also addressed issues about establishing and maintaining heterosexual dating relationships and somehow put across the message to young women that it should be a priority in their lives, overshadowing their education, careers or participation in social and community service, athletics or politics (Duffy Gotcher, 1996; Evans et al, 1991). More liberated magazines offer explicit sexual advice to women to keep their men happy. Over the past three decades, contemporary womens magazines have significantly increased their sexual content, offering frank advice about sex and relationships (Kim Ward, 2004). The message it sends across is prizing sexually assertive women. Thus, it gives the readers instructions on aggressive ways to attract men and to be able to fulfill their own sexual desires (Durham, 1996). However, Menard Kleinplatz (2008) comment that in the magazines, although there is a strong emphasis for female readers to be sexually active and be in the service of men (Durham, 1996), they are cautioned not to be too overtly sexual. They are encouraged to dress and interact with men in a way that promotes sexual desirability but are discouraged from showing desire themselves (Durham 1996, 1998; Garner et al. 1998). These magazines, then, can be seen as part of a cultural apparatus that purports to assist women to be heterosexually attractive, to be coy, alluring, sexy, and flirtatious, in order to find true love and to catch a man, and then to maintain his interest (Overall, 1999, p. 298). On the other hand, mens sexuality is promoted to be aggressive, animalistic, insatiable, urgent and uncontrollable (Firminger 2006; Garner et al. 1998; Ward 2003). Cosmopolitan magazine is known for being racy, intended for the fun, fearless female (Streitmatter, 2004). Sexual agency and desire is highly promoted to young women. Likewise, the stereotypical male sexual role is described as being primarily sexual and out of control. In Cosmopolitan, much of womens sexual agency and aggressiveness happens within the context of a relationship (Durham, 1996). Walsh-Childers et al. (2002) commented that in some adult-focused magazines, sex is presented as a fun, casual and risk-free activity. A noticeable lack of emphasis on sexual health, contraceptives and STD prevention is observed (Kim Ward, 2004). The promotion of sex as something to keep a man interested in a woman and make him stay in the relationship has been observed as a prevailing theme of some womens magazines. Farvid Braun (2006) contend that the ability of a woman to perform great sex not only fulfills her mans sexual needs but also her own relational needs as well. Since a man is portrayed to want great sex and encounter it with a woman who enjoys it as much, then it would leave a lasting impression that makes the man crave for the woman more. The message conveyed from this, though, is that a memorable sexual performance of a woman is depicted as more important than her personality in terms of keeping a man interested. Farvid Braun (2006) note another message that may be taken from magazine articles about sex. While men can enjoy sex anytime they want, women need to exert more effort in pleasing them as a way of besting other women that their men have had sex with before, or with potential sex partners. This implie s that sex is used as a deterrent against infidelity. Indirectly, it also says that since men have strong sexual drives, that they are potential cheaters (Farvid Braun, 2006). That is why women should gain expertise in the sexual pleasing of their men so that they will not find a need to stray. On the other hand, women are not characterized as having strong sex drives and if they cheat, it is pictured in more severe ways, within more elaborate and negative scenarios. Womens infidelity is more condemnable and less forgivable than mens infidelity. Blame is assigned to the woman and is not likely caused by sexual or relational shortcomings of the partner she cheated. Another gender difference in infidelity is that women are seen as victims of their male partners cheating, but men are seen as seekers of revenge for being cheated on by a female partner (Farvid Braun, 2006). Cheating is still considered always wrong despite the seemingly loose morals propagated in the magazines and mono gamous heterosexual relationships are promoted as central to the identity and well-being of women (Farvid Braun, 2006). Ideologies conveyed by contemporary womens magazines are considered manipulative in the sense that the messages projected regarding the nature of femininity points to legitimizing and naturalizing patriarchal domination (Gough-Yates, 2003). Being limited in scope, primarily about beauty, fashion and advise on getting a man, it communicates to its readers the idea that a man is the main route to a womans happiness and that if women are good enough, the right man will come along and sweep them off their feet-ideally into wedded bliss (Gauntlett, 2002, p. 190). When women are regularly bombarded with this idea, eventually, they adopt such ideology in their lives even without consciously considering the implications such as finding their own fulfillment in their own strengths as women are not regarded as priorities in these magazines. They would develop tendencies to search for and depend on men as their source of happiness and fulfillment. Another perspective is that womens magazines distribute a cult of femininity (Ferguson, 1983, p. 5), advocating ways to be more feminine and promoting a particular ideology catering to patriarchal norms. McCracken (1993) commented that women discover that their inadequacies are sustained by the fear of lacking beauty, fashion sense and self-confidence when they read glossy womens magazines. Womens bodies have been used to sell several advertised products. Walsh-Childers (1996) observed that photos of women in advertising usually focused the readers eye on womens body parts such as the breasts. Soley and Kurzbad (1986) also observed that more and more sexual content became manifest since the mid-1980s as female nudity and erotic content became commonplace in contemporary U.S. advertising. Ms. Magazine published advertisements that increasingly portrayed women as sex objects in its first 15 years of publication. After it no longer ran such ads, Ms. Magazine upheld a position that explicitly embraced feminist orientation and spurned advertisements which were insulting to women. Ms. magazine established itself as an institutional prototype for the appropriate conduct of advertising to women (Ferguson et al., 1990, p. 41). Still, with this supposed precedent of championing for women in advertising, there persist ads depicting women as sex objects (Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselin k, 2001). Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselink (2001) conclude that womens magazines communicate a paradoxical perspective of female sexuality in that women are encouraged to shed their traditional roles and become more independent while they are pressured to find and sexually satisfy a man. Womens bodies are considered commodities and their independence allows them to use such commodities to their advantage and to maximize their market value (Goldman, Heath Smith, 1991). Krassas, Blaukamp Wesselink (2001) also note that Cosmopolitan magazine may be the first to recognize women as sexual, at the same time, they are primarily sexual objects whose desire is fulfilled by allowing themselves to be treated as commodities that are sexually available to men and designed to attract men. Methods The choice of studying Cosmopolitan magazine was determined by it being the top-selling womens magazine in the world (Worlds Longest-running and Most Popular Periodicals, 2009). Having 58 international editions and translated into 34 languages, the magazine is distributed in more than a hundred countries. With this position comes the power to reach such a wide readership. Data Gathering The researcher will be reading and taking notes from 3 issues of Cosmopolitan Magazine, specifically the June, July and August 2010 issues which are the ones available to the researcher. Researcher will note down the titles as well as the content of each article as well as the advertisements promoted by the magazine. White and Marsh (2006) contend that a good coding scheme has categories or levels that are exhaustive, that is, all relevant aspects of the construct are represented (p. 32). For this study, categories or themes of articles in the magazines will serve as codes such as articles with sexual content, relationships or body issues. To determine the amount of the content per category or theme in each magazine issue, the percentage of content will be computed by counting all the titles (for cover page) and articles (including sidebars) written for the issue and getting the percentage of the content listed in each category against the total content of each issue for both cover page and inside articles. Analysis Discussion According to White Marsh (2006), after coding, data should be summarized so that they could be understood easily and are applicable to the hypotheses or research questions. Then, the researcher relates the data to other situations or studies so findings are put into perspective. In this case, the data shall be related to information in the review of literature that is most relevant to it. Results The dominance of the category of sexual content in the cover pages of the magazines obviously used sex as a selling point. These titles were made to catch the attention of potential buyers who include women in need of advise to boost their sex lives as well as men who may be curious as to what the articles reveal. Titles such as 75 Sex Tips From Guys: Sizzling, Sinful and Surprising Things Theyre Craving Now (June 2010 issue); 99 New Sex Facts: Every Forbidden, Fascinating Detail You Want To Know.. and only Cosmo will tell you (July 2010 issue) and Naughty, Naughty Sex Poll: Its Official: We Got 2,000 Men to Reveal, Do this not That in bed (August 2010) practically scream for attention as it is given the boldest print. Also, words such as Sex, Sexy and Hot jump out of the page as they are highlighted in the cover that eyes will automatically be drawn to the bright and bold titles. Other categories of content fought for attention with catchy titles such as Look So Sexy (June 2010), Th e Sexy Secrets to Making Smart Decisions (July 2010) and Together Forever? How to Still Flirt With Him (August 2010). Even with these titles, a hint of sex is still present. The thick issues of the magazine are filled with crisp, glossy pages, rich with various content. However, the volume of sexual content promised in the inside pages may disappoint readers, as the percentages do not hold in the articles printed within the issues. The articles spread into more than one page, so in terms of quality, the anticipated richness of sexual content was justified. The articles were graphic in language and mostly instructional such as giving actual directions on how to achieve better orgasms or identifying highly sensitive body spots that provide the most pleasure. It would not be difficult to imagine what the authors were referring to because the articles were replete with real-life examples. Readers would learn that the recommended sexual techniques would be very pleasurable, and may want to try it out themselves. Mostly, the articles taught readers how to please men in bed. This is consistent with the contentions of Farvid Braun that women should learn to be great in bed in order to keep their men fulfilled and content with just having them. The content category on Fashion and Beauty dominated the inside pages of the magazines. It showcased the latest trends and products, as worn and used by popular celebrities. Clearly, the magazine has become a marketing tool for the fashion and beauty products, luring women readers to buy them for themselves so they will also be considered hot, cool, trendy or hip supposedly descriptions of women who are fashionable and sophisticated. Aside from being viewed as a marketing tool, the magazines emphasis on women being fashionable and beautiful sells an ideology that that is how women should be in order to feel fulfilled as a person and to be able to attract men. The advertisers of the magazine prey on womens insecurities and their intense need to be accepted, admired and loved. Using very attractive models does not only create more insecurity about readers looks but also a more passionate desire to achieve the models look by purchasing the cosmetics she used to look that attractive. Discussion and Conclusion The theories and scholarly observations in the literature review seem to be consistent with what is actually published in womens magazines. Sexual scripting of women being objects of desire as well as sex objects playing the stereotype of existing for the pleasure of men reverberate in the magazines even if these took pride in empowering women to be fun, fearless females. However, it admits that women have sexual needs themselves that they should not be ashamed to fulfill. The Objectification theory is validated by the advertisements and articles of women wanting to look good for their men so that they will not be replaced by younger, sexier and more beautiful women. The 3 magazine issues reviewed do not totally reflect Durhams (1996, 1998) and Garner et al.s (1998) comment that women are encouraged to dress and interact with men that promotes their sexual desirability but are discouraged from showing desire themselves. Women being overtly sexual towards men is actually supported in the issues studied. This is because the authors have done thorough research on what men really want in sex, and one finding is that they are aroused by women making sexual advances towards them. The articles in the magazine merely report what men want to inform women on what to do to please them. It is apparent that male ego is supposed to be massaged and nurtured by women, living in a patriarchal society. Both Sexual scripting and Objectification theories are thus proven i n this case. The portrayal of women in the magazines (article pictures and advertisements) reflects women as eye-candy or a prize to be won by the most deserving man. The photographs show mostly Caucasian women gazing into the camera, and giving the image that they are communicating with the readers with their eyes or smile to buy whatever product, idea or ideology they are selling. The use of very attractive models instills in readers an ideal of beauty to emulate. Such beauty is enhanced by cosmetics and fashionable clothes and shoes. Although known for covering much ground on sex, it was initially surprising that the percentage of titles of sex-related articles was not as high as expected. However, upon further scrutiny, the articles were replete with detail and length. The magazine was also found by this study to cover topics about men, relationships and self-improvement. Readers who may be constrained in seeking information about these topics elsewhere may find comfort in the fact that Cosmopolitan provides honest advise in the viewpoint of experts of the topics. For instance, many topics on men were discussed by men themselves! Cosmopolitan has its own formula for success. Being known for a magazine that unashamedly promotes sex for unmarried women, it titillates the curiosity of most women, even those who pride themselves of upholding the strictest of morals. Cosmopolitan cover pages use the most popular and attractive woman whom the world adores for the moment. Add to this celebrity cover girl, catchy titles of articles, mostly racy and intriguing, and the magazine sells well. Being sold is the first step in spreading the ideologies constructed in the magazine and conveying it to its readers. Being the best-selling womens magazine in the world, it is presumed that Cosmopolitan magazine has already been successful in imbedding to its millions of readers the ideologies it wants to convey.

The Environmental Impact of Water Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental Im

[A water reservoir is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, such as to generate hydropower production, provide a water supply for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection] (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects of water reservoirs on the environment have stirred controversy since their introduction. Though water reservoirs can create many sought out improvements for a society it can detrimentally impact natural habitats and spawn a number of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are truly beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as new projects like the Three Gorges in China are concluded. In the following essay I will be giving a critical review on the various negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir. The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around the damn will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial filling of the reservoir will cause the existing plant life to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take place where the rotting plant life releases an abundance of carbon back into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will produce and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. Not only does local plant life and animal life suffer from this loss of land, the river itself is affected through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a pollution factor comparable to that of an oil driven power plant. Works Cited http://dams.org/http www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046 http://www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htm http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdf http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-dams http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046 http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636 http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Jkl8Z9b7mFYJ:rdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/103/1/09.pdf+flood+recession+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html The Environmental Impact of Water Reservoirs Essay -- Environmental Im [A water reservoir is a human-made lake that is created when a river is dammed to serve one or more purposes, such as to generate hydropower production, provide a water supply for drinking, irrigation, and flood protection] (www.eea.europa.eu). The effects of water reservoirs on the environment have stirred controversy since their introduction. Though water reservoirs can create many sought out improvements for a society it can detrimentally impact natural habitats and spawn a number of environmental complications. The debate on whether water reservoirs are truly beneficial or harmful towards human populations is ongoing as new projects like the Three Gorges in China are concluded. In the following essay I will be giving a critical review on the various negatives that arise from the creation of a water reservoir. The creation of a water reservoir will have a significant impact on the natural habitats that existed prior to its building. The surroundings around the damn will be inundated and reclaimed as part of the newly created water reservoir. The runoff of the initial filling of the reservoir will cause the existing plant life to die and decompose. For the first years stabilization will take place where the rotting plant life releases an abundance of carbon back into the atmosphere. Further on, the decomposing of plant material that settles at the bottom of the reservoir will produce and release large amounts of methane. A weakness to the argument that a water reservoir is green-friendly. Not only does local plant life and animal life suffer from this loss of land, the river itself is affected through vaporization. A water reservoir creates a greater surface area by which more water is evaporated and depleted from the ... ...an produce a pollution factor comparable to that of an oil driven power plant. Works Cited http://dams.org/http www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046 http://www.cdc.gov/hab/cyanobacteria/facts.htm http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/pha/DonnaReservoir/DonnaReservoirPublicCommentPHA06302010.pdf http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/water/european-waters/reservoirs-and-dams http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7046 http://www.internationalrivers.org/en/node/1636 http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Jkl8Z9b7mFYJ:rdgs.dk/djg/pdfs/103/1/09.pdf+flood+recession+cropping+reservoir&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjo6QDhkvxWgGiBUo92nXL0IwSNtOE_8trCQT_BL5cyXA07KOy-lWH0oV1GNfDtvFH8eYFSww2TwOR2S-ExPDaiUAwpjnLrp1BR00lZKejjXiVrCo8Ee4i9yo9OLSWjFISQ0gGz&sig=AHIEtbRopK9vzHwGeWcwyFlZ-WIkBylIvA (Flood-recession cropping) http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/schistosomiasis/disease.html

Coaching/Leadership Skills

Coaches have many diverse roles which can vary in importance according to the age group of the team. In simple terms, the role of the coach is to plan, act and review. This is an ongoing process aimed at improving the qualities of the coach and the performance of players. The basic roles of an effective coach are: †¢ Manager dealing with a wide range of players, officials and supporters. †¢ Leader assigned to organise training, match-day events and team morale. †¢ Teacher instructing football skills and team tactics. Mentor behind every successful person there is one elementary truth: somewhere, somehow, someone cared about their growth and development. This person was their mentor. †¢ Selector – involved in the planning and selection of the best team to represent the club. †¢ Communicator providing clear instruction and feedback to the team and individual players. †¢ Psychologist dealing with various individual personalities within the team. â₠¬ ¢Public relations representing the club at official functions and community activities. †¢ Studentcontinually seeking to upgrade knowledge of the game. Sports trainer – with a basic knowledge of injury prevention, care and management. †¢ Planner – annual integrated plan covering pre-season, competition, physical, technical, tactical, psychological, workload volumes and intensities etc. †¢ Motivator – including engendering players’ acceptance of own responsibility. †¢ Goal-setter – making sure that goals are achievable, challenging and measurable. †¢ Creating a successful learning environment – focusing on what you can control; recognising individual and group needs.MEASURING AND IMPROVING YOUR COACHING EFFECTIVENESS Australian Football is continually changing; rules change, techniques change, equipment is refined and coaching methods, including the application of sport sciences, evolve. Coaches must keep abreast of these changes and adapt their coaching accordingly. All coaches have to know if they are effective or ineffective, independent of the ability of the playing group. The following techniques can assist coaches in measuring and improving their coaching effectiveness. Coach self-reflectionUnless coaches can arrange for someone to observe and analyse them on a regular basis, the self-reflection method is the only method that can be used to confirm the effectiveness of their coaching. Self-reflection in coaching is a process where coaches compare their current practice against an ideal set of practices, using a systematic procedure to make comparisons between real and ideal. Video analysis Video analysis is another effective tool that assists in the self-reflection process because videotape provides permanent images that can help with in-depth analysis and evaluation.It can also help to identify areas in need of improvement and can also be used to plan for such improvement. Video self-an alysis is a six-step process: 1. Recording – videotape a coaching session. 2. Reflecting – review the tape to find a suitable segment, then analyse the segment against the ideal model. 3. Consulting – invite a mentor to ‘audit’ the analysis. 4. Planning – design a plan to improve. 5. Implementing – carry out the plan. 6. Follow-up recording – videotape a follow-up coaching session and check that the plan has worked. MentoringEffective coaches have often had the good fortune to have been coached by a very good coach. On becoming coaches themselves they may have imitated many of the coaching behaviours and methods used by their previous coaches. This process can be carried on into a coach’s current development through a mentor. A mentor is usually an experienced person who works individually with a less experienced coach. A good mentor is someone, chosen by a coach, whom the coach respects for their knowledge, attitudes and mentoring skills to assist them in their development.The mentor asks questions about the methods used and guides the coach toward a better understanding of his or her coaching. In selecting a mentor, a coach can reflect on who are the people in their field (not necessarily restricted to other coaches) they admire most, why they admire these people, and what are the admirable qualities they possesses. The answers to these questions will direct coaches to suitable mentors, with whom they can work formally or informally to develop their own unique skills and attributes.BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION It is sometimes just as difficult to modify coaching behaviour as it is to modify player behaviour. Coaches who are attempting to modify their own behaviour should try the following strategies: †¢ Identify the behaviour to be modified. †¢ Establish the characteristics of the new behaviour. †¢ Look at models of the new behaviour. †¢ Assess how important the change is – ho w will it affect the coach’s effectiveness? †¢ Obtain feedback about the behaviour. †¢ Reassess the effects of the change on all coaching tasks.

Eddie Carbone Essays

Eddie Carbone Essays Eddie Carbone Essay Eddie Carbone Essay My second dramatic moment being when Marco first shout Eddie Carbone it almost reaches the climax since that is when everyone knows that somethings going to happen and someone wont come out of it alive. The audience would feel an adrenaline rush they know that this is the final confrontation this what at the dramatic tension has been preparing them for and Marco calling for Eddie confirms this for us. The other characters start to liven up in haste to stop Eddie from going out, their hearts pumping harder and as if they need to do something anything to stop what might happen if Eddie goes out to see Marco. This is dramatic because it puts all the characters on alert and assurance that the inevitable is happening. Both Beatrice and Eddie are crying, Beatrice crying out and weeping and Eddie crying out in agony, then Eddie hears Marco and knows exactly where to go from there. Beatrice tries to stop Eddie while Redolfo tries to stop Marco, Catherine watches on in shock. Everythings happening so quickly the tension becomes unbearable even to feel or notice. Miller makes this moment tense with raised voices, hurrying voices and a negative atmosphere filling the air. Characters interrupting each other trying to stop each opposing party increases the level of noise and stress. Miller brings out the seriousness in Marco indicating it through his speech and exclamation marks demanding Eddie to come out and face him. All this nears us to whats to come and stiffens the mood making the atmosphere gripping. My last dramatic moment out of so many in the play is when Eddie springs out a knife on Marco. This indicates how a death will come about but raises question of who will be the one to suffer its blade? This brings us back to when Marco raised the chair above Eddie showing the power he entitles over Eddie and this would be Eddies answer to that. But its almost hypocritical in a sense that he needs an actual weapon to fight Marco because he isnt as physically strong, it tells us that Eddie has gone against everything he said at the beginning of the play about trust, honour, loyalty especially takes us to remember the story he told us about Vinny Bolzano and how he snitched and how he was treated. Eddie made it clear that Vinny was wrong to go against his family but now Eddie insists what hes done is right and justified. Miller here makes this scene dramatic because he makes us understand that Eddie ways are wrong but his intention is not so, but it fills everyone with resent and sadness because its unfortunate that this is the circumstances that it had to come to and no one could have stopped this for coming. There is no doubt that Miller used multiple dramatic devices to prepare us for these dramatic moments and also to guide us through each tension filled scene. Eddies death is what everyone expected but it was about how he would die with honour or no humility? At the end the audience must have been deeply pulled in and involved an understanding as things calmed into grief and remorse. Eddies death came as appropriate to suit everything that would happen after it, he had to go or the other characters would have no purpose left hereafter. But it showed that Eddies death was useless and these dramatic moment came to show us this at the end. These dramatic tensions throughout the last scenes came to show us something we would already know would happen but its how it all built up that got everyone ready and dreading everything that would happen. Miller used many dramatic devices to help arrange the tension such as raised voices, snappy/fast exchange, interruption, disagreement, actions, body language/facial expression, avoiding conflict/eye contact, pressure mounting up with many others. My response to this play is that the tension gradually built up and stayed and played around until the direct conflicts began between Eddie, Marco and Redolfo with Beatrice and Catherine trying to stop it all. Its tragic at the end but Eddies death was necessary or there wouldnt be a meaning to this play all this tension was rounded of with Eddies death but there was a sweet twist. As Alfieri explained to us that Eddies death was useless and has no meaning he told us that he wasnt bad at heart just his ways were wrong. Eddie couldnt help the way he felt about Catherine its the way he dealt with it that led him to so much trouble but at the end everyone was free even Beatrice even though she loved him, she wouldnt have to live a fake marriage anymore. Its Catherine who would have to live knowing Eddie loved her and he done all this for her. Miller deposits guilty conscious into everyone when Eddie dies, this play had all this conflict and bad energy bouncing around then at the end it rounded off with al the tension and irony lifting off because what was meant to happen, happened.